# Dynamics

Dynamics is a branch of applied mathematics (specifically classical mechanics) concerned with the study of forces and torques and their effect on motion, as opposed to kinematics, which studies the motion of objects without reference to its causes. Isaac Newton defined the fundamental physical laws which govern dynamics in physics, especially his second law of motion.

Generally speaking, researchers involved in dynamics study how a physical system might develop or alter over time and study the causes of those changes. In addition, Newton established the fundamental physical laws which govern dynamics in physics. By studying his system of mechanics, dynamics can be understood. In particular, dynamics is mostly related to Newton’s second law of motion. However, all three laws of motion are taken into account because these are interrelated in any given observation or experiment.

 Topical Notes, Problems, Presentations, Quiz, Test, Investigations and Videos Forces, Types, and representations Newton’s First Law Newton’s Second Law Newton’s Third Law The Gravitational Force Applications of Newton’s Second Law Friction Interacting Objects: ropes and pulleys Test your Understanding: Chapter 2 MCQ Quiz 1 Here                                                                                                     Take Chapter 2 ReQuiz MCQ Quiz 2 Here

Newton described force as the ability to cause a mass to accelerate. His three laws can be summarized as follows:

1. First law: If there is no net force on an object, then its velocity is constant. The object is either at rest (if its velocity is equal to zero), or it moves with constant speed in a single direction.
2. Second law: The rate of change of linear momentum P of an object is equal to the net force Fnet, i.e., dP/dt = Fnet.
3. Third law: When a first body exerts a force F1 on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force F2 = −F1 on the first body. This means that F1 and F2 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

Newton’s Laws of Motion are valid only in an inertial frame of reference.

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